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Perthes disease is a condition of the hip joint that begins in childhood and can lead to hip pain as well as long-term damage to the hip joint. The cause of Perthes disease has been the subject of numerous theories, but no clear source had been identified. Many people who have Perthes disease during childhood develop early hip arthritis, often requiring hip replacement in adulthood. Treatment is best determined by the age at which the condition is diagnosed....

If you’ve just received a diagnosis of psoriasis from your doctor or dermatologist, you may be worried about how the disease will progress. You might also wonder whether you can do anything to prevent the condition from getting worse. It’s normal to feel anxious about your prognosis. While there is no cure for psoriasis, treatment can help ease and manage symptoms. But finding the proper treatment depends on several factors that may impact your prognosis....

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a serious disease in which the John Cunningham (JC) virus infects multiple areas of the brain, damaging it as the infection rapidly worsens and causing lasting consequences—not uncommonly, death. While PML is very rare, some disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) can increase your risk of developing it. However, other people are at risk—not only people with MS. The effects of PML can progress rapidly, but it is usually a subacute (slow but steady) progress....

Many people think breast lumps are the main signs of breast cancer, but that’s not always the case. Breast cancer may not come with any signs and symptoms, especially in its early stages. A lump usually is the first symptom. The most effective ways to keep aware of any changes in your breasts include breast self-examinations and mammograms. Regular breast self-examinations can detect lumps, and mammograms can detect changes in breast tissue....

Refeeding syndrome is a potentially life-threatening complication that can occur when someone who is malnourished is refed and rehydrated. If a person is given nutrition and hydration too quickly, it can cause dangerous imbalances in electrolyte levels. When these changes are sudden, they can lead to problems with the heart, kidneys, and brain, which can be fatal. Refeeding syndrome can also occur when someone who was extreme dieting or strictly fasting for a prolonged period of time suddenly begins to eat larger amounts....

The thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) test is a blood test that helps healthcare providers diagnose the autoimmune thyroid condition called Graves’ Disease. The antibodies it tests for are present in 90% of the people who have this disease. Other names for the TRAb test include: Anti-ThyrotropinAnti-TSHRAntibodies to TSH receptorInhibitory ImmunoglobulinTBIITBII (Thyrotropin-Binding Inhibitory Immunoglobulin)Thyroid Stimulating ImmunoglobulinThyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSH Receptor) AntibodyThyrotropin Receptor AntibodyTRAbTSH Receptor AntibodyTSH Receptor Blocking Antibody Purpose of Test Your healthcare provider may send you for a TRAb test if you have symptoms that are consistent with hyperthyroidism (an over-active thyroid gland) or Graves’ Disease, which is the cause of thyroid over-activity more than 70% of the time hyperthyroidism is diagnosed....

Trypanophobia is a type of phobia that involves a severe fear of needles or anxiety related to injections and medical care involving the use of needles. This can be problematic both because of the symptoms and because some people delay or avoid necessary medical care due to fear and anxiety. Trypanophobia is also sometimes referred to as needle phobia. Symptoms The most telling symptom of trypanophobia is an extreme aversion to needles, sometimes severe enough that it interferes with seeking and accepting medical care, or it interferes with life....

The spice turmeric, also known as the golden spice, may have benefits for skin conditions and concerns such as: Acne Atopic dermatitis Scalp conditions Under-eye circles Scabies Psoriasis This spice comes from the turmeric plant. It has been used for medicinal purposes in the East for centuries. Widely used in Ayurveda, the Indian practice of holistic medicine, turmeric is also used in cooking as well as in religious ceremonies. What Is Turmeric?...

Depending on the situation, both ice and heat can be effective and convenient options for easing knee pain. However, because each treatment works in different ways, it is essential to consider your specific condition before selecting one or the other. By better understanding the benefits and risks of each treatment, you can appropriately choose the right option for you. This article explains knee pain causes and when ice or heat is most appropriate....

Brain atrophy, or cerebral atrophy, is a condition in which the brain or regions of the brain decrease or shrink in size. It ranges in severity, and the extent of change determines its impact. A mild degree of brain atrophy is not always a concern. Substantial brain atrophy can be associated with major neurological diseases, such as a large stroke or progressive dementia. In some instances, it isn’t clear whether cerebral atrophy caused the medical condition or vice versa....

Eating a balanced breakfast is important, especially if you have diabetes. But figuring out exactly what to eat can be tricky. Having a plan can help you save time and avoid choosing foods that might cause your blood sugar to spike. This article discusses why breakfast is important and how to build a healthy meal when you have diabetes. Why a Diabetes-Friendly Breakfast Is Important Eating a higher-fat and moderate-protein breakfast may reduce fasting blood sugar, A1C (average blood sugar levels), and weight....

Yellow fever is caused by a flavivirus, which is spread by mosquitos in Africa and South America, particularly in areas with dense forests or jungles. However, for about 10% to 15% of those infected, it can become serious, resulting in high fever, jaundice, and other concerns. Yellow fever can be fatal. The flu-like illness may cause symptoms such as fever, chills, and body aches about three to six days from infection, and treatment is usually not necessary....

A year into the COVID-19 pandemic, chronicles of “Zoom fatigue” are becoming common. However, a new study has found that women are feeling the most video burnout. Key Takeaways A new study shows women report feeling more fatigued than men after Zoom meetings—a finding that researchers say can help inform workplace policies.People of color, young employees, and introverts also reported higher levels of Zoom fatigue.Several factors contributing to Zoom exhaustion, including looking at yourself more regularly than you would in face-to-face meetings and feelings of being “trapped” on the screen....

Learning you have been diagnosed with cancer is an overwhelming experience on its own. Figuring out how to share your diagnosis with others, if you decide to, and navigating the potential issues that stem from these conversations can feel impossible. Rest assured though—with the right mindset and some simple strategies, you can get through these conversations (and the issues that may arise from them) smoothly and effectively. Preparatory Strategies Like most things in life, it’s best to be prepared—and sharing your cancer diagnosis is no exception....

Currently, there is little research directly connecting diet and fertility for women with endometriosis. There are no scientifically proven foods that will help you get pregnant. However, there has been research on the role of diet and pelvic pain in women with endometriosis. There are also studies looking at diet and its potential relationship to the overall risk of endometriosis. Is it possible that the diet changes that lessen pelvic pain—or reduce the risk of the disease—might help you get pregnant?...

Cancer is a diagnosis which affects many individuals each year, but it is no longer regarded as strictly terminal. More Americans with cancer are surviving due to improved technological advances. While this is a positive turn of events, the increased survival rate leaves many more individuals to cope with the toll cancer takes on the body and mind. Emotional Depression, anxiety, helplessness, hopelessness, fear of disease recurrence, impaired body image, and loss of motivation are just some of the mental health changes which may result from cancer....

Chancroid is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection (STI) that causes genital ulcers. Although it is rarely seen in the United States, chancroid is relatively common in certain parts of the developing world. As with syphilis, the open sores caused by chancroid increase a person’s risk of getting other STIs, including HIV. This article looks at the symptoms and causes of chancroid, including how it differs from syphilis. It also explains how chancroid is diagnosed and treated and what you can do to protect yourself and others from infection....

What Is Endari? Endari (l-glutamine) is a prescription medication that reduces painful episodes (crises) in adults and children with sickle cell disease. Endari belongs to a group of medications called amino acids. It works by helping reduce damage to red blood cells. Endari is available as a powder you mix with a beverage or soft food before consuming. What Is Endari Used For? Endari reduces painful episodes (crises) in adults and children 5 years and older with sickle cell disease....

Medicines that contain food proteins, such as soy, eggs, milk, or components of shellfish, can potentially trigger allergic reactions. Food allergies are becoming more common, with approximately 8% of children suffering from at least one food allergy. It can be difficult for people to avoid their food allergen(s), and accidental exposure resulting in allergic reactions can occur. The U.S. Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA) requires that food labeling includes the eight most common food allergens present in packaged foods, including egg, milk, soy, wheat, peanut, tree nut, fish, and shellfish....

The gracilis muscle is a long, thin muscle in each of your inner thighs that extends past your knee. The gracilis muscles’ main functions include pulling your thighs together (adduction), rotating your hips inward and outward, and bending each knee with the help of your hamstrings. This article takes an in-depth look at the anatomy of the gracilis muscles as well as the injuries that commonly affect them. It also explains how gracilis muscle injuries are treated with exercise, stretches, rehabilitation, and medications....