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Attachment theory examines the distinct emotional ties between an infant and caregiver. Almost all children will form an attachment to at least one caregiver, even if that caregiver doesn’t consistently meet their needs. The term “caregiver” is used throughout this article to refer to the person who is primarily responsible for the regular care of an infant or child, such as a parent or guardian. The term “romantic partner” will refer to dating, married, or other non-platonic partners....

The rate of survival among breast cancer patients has increased dramatically in recent decades. Between 1989 and 2017, the overall death rate from breast cancer declined by 40%. This is likely attributed to an improvement in screening and early detection, increased awareness of symptoms, and improvements in treatment options. Due to the decline in death rates, it is estimated 375,900 deaths were avoided in the United States between 1989 and 2017....

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs when the kidneys become damaged and can no longer adequately filter blood. The kidneys are responsible for filtering extra water and waste out of the blood to produce urine. When the kidneys don’t function properly, waste can build up in the body, causing various symptoms and problems. Kidney disease can worsen over time and lead to kidney failure. Early diagnosis can help prevent further damage to the kidneys....

What Is Cialis? Cialis (tadalafil) is a prescription medication used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). Erectile dysfunction is the inability to get or keep an erection long enough for sexual intercourse. Cialis also treats a condition called benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), known as enlarged prostate. BPH can cause many of the same symptoms as prostate cancer. Cialis is a pill in the class of medications called PDE5 inhibitors. It works to relax the smooth muscles in the penis to allow for increased blood flow to the area....

While relatively rare, it is possible to be allergic to cinnamon. Cinnamon is frequently used in cooking but is also prevalent in fragrances, cosmetics, and other beauty products. If you are found to be allergic, monitoring exposure to the spice may be difficult, as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not monitor the use of cinnamon. This article covers what a cinnamon allergy is and how a cinnamon allergy is diagnosed and managed....

Combination birth control pills are oral contraceptives that combine synthetic estrogen (ethinyl estradiol) and progestin, similar to the natural sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) produced in a woman’s body. Combination birth control pills may also be referred to as “combo pills” or simply, “the pill.” Unlike estrogen (the synthetic preparation ethinyl estradiol) which is found in various brands of combination pills, there are several different types of progestin which may be used (discussed below....

Indigestion is a feeling of discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen and chest, often accompanied by bloating, burping, nausea, or feeling too full after eating. It is, in other words, an umbrella term for a group of gastrointestinal symptoms. Certain foods can trigger indigestion symptoms, such as fried, fatty, or spicy foods and chocolate. Informally, indigestion is known as upset stomach; formally, it’s known as dyspepsia. This article explains the difference between indigestion and heartburn, describes indigestion symptoms and causes, and outlines indigestion treatments....

What Is Daliresp? Daliresp (roflumilast) is a prescription medication option used to reduce the number of episodes and the symptoms associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Daliresp blocks phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), which is a type of protein. However, it’s important to remember that Daliresp is not a bronchodilator (a type of medication that makes breathing easier by relaxing the muscles in the lungs and widening the airways [bronchi]) and therefore is not used to treat severe bronchospasms....

Excessive thirst, known as polydipsia, is one of the most common symptoms of diabetes. It often occurs with other signs of diabetes, including frequent urination (polyuria) and intense hunger (polyphagia). Diabetes is not the only cause of thirst. Feeling thirsty is also common when you’re dehydrated or have recently eaten a salty meal. Certain medications, like diuretics (“water pills"), may also increase thirst. This article explores why diabetes causes excessive thirst, treatment and management of diabetes, and when to see your healthcare provider....

What Is Ella? Ella (ulipristal) is used as an emergency contraceptive to prevent pregnancy within five days of unprotected sex (also referred to as condomless sex) or suspected failure of another birth control—like a condom breaking. This medication mainly works by blocking or delaying ovulation—the release of an egg from the ovary. If an egg is already released, however, then a sperm can still fertilize—meet and join as one cell or unit—with the egg....

Testosterone and estrogen are hormones produced by the endocrine system in the body. The levels of these hormones can change over time as people age. The terms “male” and “men” are used in this article to refer to people who identify as male and have typical reproductive organs of a cisgender male. We recognize that some people who identify as male do not have the same anatomy as depicted in this article....

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Veklury (remdesivir) for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients 12 and older on Thursday. This is the first officially FDA-approved drug for COVID-19. Key Takeaways Veklury (remdesivir) is the first FDA-approved treatment for people with COVID-19.The approval is only for treatment in hospitalized patients above 88 pounds. Previously, the drug had Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA. Previously, the FDA had granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for remdesivir, not full approval....

There are numerous risk factors for insomnia. In particular, some foods and beverages can affect the quality and duration of your sleep. This article discusses risk factors for insomnia, as well as 10 foods and beverages that can cause insomnia, and tips to help resolve insomnia. Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in which you have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting quality sleep. Insomnia can interfere with your daily activities and might make you feel unrested or sleepy during the day....

Genital psoriasis is a form of psoriasis—an inflammatory condition associated with skin plaques—that occurs on or around the genitals. Although it can develop on its own, genital psoriasis most often accompanies psoriasis on other parts of the body. Psoriasis of the genitals can often cause severe symptoms as the skin of the penis, labia, vulva, clitoris, scrotum, and anus is very delicate and rich in nerve endings. Abrasions, cracks, and bleeding can easily lead to secondary infections....

Managing diabetes means managing multiple meals and snacks throughout the day, ideally by planning ahead and eating as much homemade food as possible to control calories, carbs, and sugar. This can be a challenge if you have diabetes, given that you must eat regularly in order to keep blood sugar levels under control: Real life simply doesn’t allow for every meal and snack to be made from scratch at home....

A herniated disc occurs when the soft, jelly-like material that makes up the center of each disc in your spine leaks out and presses on a nearby nerve root. Symptoms of a herniated disc may include neck or back pain, as well as tingling, numbness, and/or weakness of one or both arms or legs, depending on where in the spine the affected disc is located. While that could be anywhere, the most common location is the lower (lumbar) region....

Intussusception is a serious condition that occurs when a portion of the intestines moves inside itself (similar to how a telescope works) and causes a blockage. It is more common in infants and children than it is in adults. Intussusception can be life-threatening and requires immediate treatment. Symptoms of intussusception can include abdominal pain, jelly-like, bloody stools, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. The abdominal pain will come and go every 15 to 20 minutes, and infants and babies with intussusception that experience this pain will cry and pull their knees to their chest....

Keratin is a protein in the cells on the surface of the skin. The fingernails, hair, and skin need keratin to grow, function, and stay healthy. The protein helps protect these structures from damage and may also be part of the healing process. The body naturally makes keratin. It’s also found in the hooves, wool, and feathers of animals. It can be extracted from these sources and used for supplements, treatments, and other products to help with hair, skin, and nail health....

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with liver cancer, try stepping back for a moment to reflect on your thoughts, emotions, and personal goals surrounding cancer care and comfort. As you think more deeply about your cancer diagnosis, consider how strategies like emotional support and in-depth knowledge can help you build resiliency and thus cope healthily during this difficult time. Emotional Feeling vulnerable, fearful, sad, anxious, angry, and powerless are common and normal feelings in people with liver cancer....

It takes more than health care to be healthy. There are many factors that affect your health outside of the doctor’s office—how much money you make, where you live, and access to resources like fresh food and clean water, for starters. Medicare is becoming proactive by designing programs that address these very issues. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) believes doing so will reduce healthcare costs for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries alike....