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A bump on the bottom of your foot can result from a variety of causes, including infections, joint problems, and skin conditions. It often leads to pain and discomfort with standing and walking. Treatment will vary depending on the underlying cause. This article will describe the various conditions that can cause a bump on the bottom of the foot, how it is diagnosed, and treatment options. Causes and Treatment A bump on the bottom of the foot can result from a variety of different causes....

Having both dry eyes and migraines may not be a coincidence. Dry eyes don’t cause headaches or migraines, but there may be a connection between the conditions. Research suggests migraine attacks may be longer and more severe in people with dry eye syndrome than those without it. There are also similarities in the underlying mechanisms that cause dry eyes and migraines or headaches to occur. Why Dry Eye Occurs Dry eye syndrome (also known as dry eye disease) is a complex condition involving impaired tear function and eye surface abnormalities....

The signs and symptoms of a chlamydia infection depend on the part of the body infected, be it the vagina, penis, rectum, or throat. They can range from vaginal or penile discharge to severe abdominal and/or pelvic pain. Often, discomfort occurs during sex or urination, but far too often there are no warning signs at all. Since chlamydia can cause damage and other complications even without symptoms, regular screening is critical to make sure an infection is caught and treated early so these issues are avoided....

Clinically isolated multiple sclerosis is a neurological episode that produces the same symptoms and diagnostic test results as multiple sclerosis (MS). Clinically isolated MS is typically called clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). The main difference between CIS and MS is that CIS is diagnosed after you have only one event, while MS is a progressively worsening or recurring condition. CIS can be the first sign of MS, or it can be the first and last time you ever experience this type of episode...

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is a treatment for sleep apnea that uses a constant flow of air to keep the airway open while a person sleeps. To keep machines clean, doctors recommend that users clean their devices regularly with soap and water. In addition, some advertisers claim that CPAP cleaners or sanitizers like SoClean or Lumin can reduce CPAP users’ risk of infections. But is there any evidence to support those claims?...

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a systemic type of arthritis that develops in some people with psoriasis, a skin disorder that causes red, itchy scaly patches called plaques. Psoriatic arthritis causes joints to become inflamed, painful, and stiff. Regular exercise can help improve your joint mobility, range of motion, and strength to help manage symptoms and decrease physical limitations. How Exercising Helps Psoriatic Arthritis When you have psoriatic arthritis, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body, causing joints to become inflamed, swollen, painful, stiff, and difficult to move....

Eye lymphoma, also called ocular lymphoma, is a type of eye cancer. It is the most common type of malignant eye tumor. The condition may cause eye redness or decreased vision, and it can advance to result in eye damage and blindness. While anyone can develop lymphoma of the eye, having an immune deficiency is a risk factor. Definitive diagnosis relies on a biopsy of the eye, which is a delicate procedure....

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental health condition characterized by excessive, chronic worry that interferes with a person’s ability to function in daily life. GAD is commonly treated with medications, such as antidepressants; psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy; and lifestyle activities, such as relaxation techniques. Learn more about GAD treatment options. Prescription Medications Medications can be very effective at treating GAD. An examination of scientific experiments known as randomized controlled trials regarding the use of medication in treating GAD showed response rates ranging from 44%–81%....

It’s common for people with severe food allergies to carry an EpiPen. This is a pen-like device prefilled with a drug called epinephrine that you inject into yourself in the event of an allergic emergency. The injection immediately opens the airways and relieves potentially life-threatening symptoms of severe allergic reactions like anaphylaxis. Having an EpiPen nearby is a precautionary measure that can save your life if you are accidentally exposed to an allergy-causing substance (an allergen)....

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) occurs when the body lacks the right amount of iron to produce enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body’s tissues. While there are different types of anemia, IDA is the most common worldwide, affecting over 1.2 billion people. People with IDA that is mild or moderate may not experience symptoms. More severe cases of iron deficiency will cause chronic fatigue, shortness of breath, or chest pain....

The lymphatic system (also called the lymphoid system) is part of the immune system. The system moves lymph, a clear fluid containing white blood cells, through your bloodstream. The lymphatic system involves many organs, including the tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and thymus. Lymph nodes filter out bacteria and cancer cells and create white blood cells to fight infection. These nodes are found throughout the body (neck, armpits, groin, chest, and abdomen)....

What Is Monurol? Monurol (fosfomycin) is an oral prescription drug used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by certain bacteria. It is available as a powder packet that is dissolved in water. Monurol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Broad-spectrum antibiotics work against a variety of bacteria. Monurol works by killing and stopping bacterial growth. What Is Monurol Used For? The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Monurol (fosfomycin) to treat uncomplicated UTIs caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli (E....

Mouth guards are dental devices that are used to cover your teeth. They protect your teeth, tongue, cheeks, and gums from damage or injuries during sports or from grinding or clenching your teeth. This article explores reasons to wear a mouth guard, as well as how to find the best-fitting mouth guard for your needs. Types There are three main types of mouth guards that are used to protect teeth: stock, boil-and-bite, and custom-made....

Progressive hearing loss in children can manifest with vague symptoms, such as behavioral issues or speech problems. There are many causes of childhood hearing loss, including infections, certain medications, and neurological disorders. If you suspect your child is losing their sense of hearing, discuss your concerns with their pediatrician. Hearing tests can determine whether your child’s hearing really is diminishing and if so, other tests can be done to determine why so the appropriate treatment can be started as soon as possible....

Prostate cancer is a slow-growing cancer that originates in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer begins when a series of gene mutations in the DNA of a prostate cell cause it to grow and divide in an out-of-control fashion. The exact causes have yet to be determined, but it’s thought that most prostate cancers develop due to a combination of factors. Known risk factors for the disease include age, race, and geographical location....

Psychotherapy is the process of meeting with a therapist or counselor to address thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that interfere with well-being and daily life. Psychotherapy can entail meeting with a mental health professional individually, in a group setting, or with loved ones (such as in couples therapy or family therapy) for regular sessions, usually weekly, for about an hour. This article covers the cost of psychotherapy, health insurance coverage for psychotherapy, affordable psychotherapy options, and how to find the right therapist for you....

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are a common knee injury that often requires surgery to reconstruct the torn ligament. Although ACL reconstruction surgeries have an 80% to 90% success rate, some patients may struggle with the decision to have it because of the complications that may follow. Learn about some of the complications of ACL surgery and what you can do to ensure the best possible outcome if you experience them....

There are a number of differences between sarcomas and carcinomas, though individual cancers within each category can vary tremendously. Carcinomas account for the majority of cancers with only 1% of cancers in adults being sarcomas. In children, however, sarcomas account for over 15% of cancers, making research critical. Carcinomas arise out of epithelial cells that line the surface and organs of the body, whereas sarcomas arise from connective tissues such as bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, and nerves....

Synthroid can make people who are living with hypothyroidism feel much better, but allergic reactions or sensitivities to the drug may occur due to ingredients such as acacia, lactose, and cornstarch. Symptoms ranging from a runny nose to a rash and/or hives, to abdominal pain may occur, and it may take some time to realize it’s the drug rather than something else that’s responsible. Hypersensitivity reactions to Synthroid are more common among those who have allergies, hay fever, or asthma....

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition that affects a protein in the body that makes mucus and sweat, leading to problems with the lungs and digestive system. If you or a family member is living with CF, you may be concerned about the risk of contracting COVID-19 and taking extra precautions to stay safe at home. However, you might need to see a healthcare provider to manage your CF or for another medical concern....