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Walking backward on a treadmill, also known as reverse walking or retro walking, is often used in physical therapy clinics to help people improve their gait and mobility in the lower extremities. It is frequently used to improve knee, hip, and ankle range of motion (ROM), improve strength, and improve lower extremity mechanics related to gait. In visiting a clinic, you may see people walking on a treadmill and note one or more walking backward on the treadmill....

Watery diarrhea means that you have liquid stools. Common causes include viral infections, such as norovirus, and bacterial infections, such as Clostridioides difficile (C. diff). Medical conditions like celiac disease and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) also may cause it. Some cases of watery diarrhea are easy to treat or don’t require treatment at all. The symptoms can, however, lead to serious or even fatal complications, such as dehydration or malabsorption. This is a real cause for concern for infants and young children....

Hammertoe occurs when there is a muscle imbalance around the toe joint. This causes the toe to get stiff and bent in a hammer-like position. This condition can affect any toe, but it usually affects the one or more of the middle three toes. It can cause pain and swelling of the affected toe. Hammertoe is a treatable condition, and in some cases, it can be prevented. This article will cover the types of hammertoe, signs and symptoms, causes, treatment, and more....

The broad autism phenotype (BAP), also called broader autism phenotype, describes a range of traits that resemble autism, but are considered subclinical, or not enough to qualify for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. For a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, specific social, verbal, nonverbal, relational, behavioral, and sensorial criteria must be met. However, with the BAP, traitsFIEP may be seen from a few, or all categories, on a milder scale....

If you are having surgery, or if you have a wound, your skin may be closed in a variety of ways. There are many methods used to keep a surgical incision or wound tightly closed so that it can heal quickly with minimal scarring and without infection. In some cases, wounds and incisions are not closed during surgery but are closed later after healing has started, but the vast majority are closed at the end of the procedure....

From repeated attacks on Asian elders to the more recent shooting that left six Asian women in Atlanta dead, violence against the Asian community has escalated over the past year. Key Takeaways Stop AAPI Hate, a reporting center, has documented over 3,800 cases of violence and hate against the Asian community since March 2020. Violence and anti-Asian hate negatively impact the physical and mental wellbeing of those attacked. AAPI mental health experts share that there are resources available specifically for the Asian community to get mental health help right now....

Don’t underestimate stress. How much stress you experience and how you react to it can lead to a wide variety of health problems—most notably heart disease. This underscores the importance of identifying the subtle signs of wear and tear that may signal a time for radical change. Stress comes in a variety of forms, ranging from psychological stress (i.e., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sexual trauma), performance anxiety and work-related stress, to life-altering events such as the death of a family member or friend, divorce, change in health, financial troubles, or relationship problems....

Breasts fat necrosis is a benign (noncancerous) condition that can occur from injury to the breast tissue or medical procedures. This condition can cause lumps that feel like breast cancer and look like tumors on a mammogram. These lumps can occur at any age and appear anywhere in the breast, but they’re more common in women who are obese or have very large breasts. This article will outline some of the causes of breast fat necrosis, the procedures used to diagnose it, and how to treat it....

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition that results when cartilage between the bones of joints breaks down causing pain, stiffness, and swelling. The damage, which is most often a result of aging or injury, cannot be reversed, but the symptoms it causes can be managed and the progression of the condition sometimes can be slowed with proper treatment. Nutrition A healthy and varied diet that provides adequate amounts of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients is vital for overall joint health....

A cilantro allergy—your immune system’s overreaction to what it suspects is a foreign substance—is rare, but it can happen. Anaphylaxis due to cilantro has also been identified. Some people report that cilantro tastes like soap, but this is likely due to genetics and not allergies. This article discusses the symptoms of a cilantro allergy, its complications, diagnosis, and what to do in the event of a reaction. Symptoms Those with an allergy to cilantro may experience a variety of symptoms, including cough, itching in the mouth, and rashes....

What Is Diamox? Diamox (acetazolamide) is a fast-acting prescription diuretic (water pill) indicated for treating glaucoma and acute mountain sickness (AMS). It is also used off-label for treating other medical conditions. The capsule form of this medication has been approved for adults over the age of 18, and it is taken orally (by mouth). The branded form of Diamox is not available in the United States. The generic version, acetazolamide, is available as a tablet and for intravenous (IV) use....

Thyroid disorders can cause difficulty with energy, concentration, and memory—often described as “brain fog.”. This article explains the link between thyroid function and memory, as well as how hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) and hyperthyroidism (high thyroid function) can mimic the symptoms of dementia. Thyroid and Memory Your thyroid gland, which is located in your neck, produces hormones that regulate growth and development. If the thyroid gland is not functioning well, many problems can result....

Encephalopathy is a condition in which diffuse disease affects brain function and/or structure. Encephalopathy can occur due to numerous causes. The conditions that cause encephalopathy are serious—without treatment, temporary or permanent brain damage, loss of consciousness, and even death can occur. Here is what you need to know about encephalopathy and its types, causes, symptoms, and more. Types of Encephalopathy and Causes Encephalopathy can be acute or chronic. Examples of acute encephalopathy are hepatic, uremic, hypertensive, Hashimoto’s, and Wernicke’s, while chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), hypoxic-ischemic, and spongiform are examples of chronic encephalopathies....

Inflammation of the small intestine is called enteritis. Inflammation (redness and swelling) might be caused by infection, certain medications, radiation treatments, or chronic illnesses such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease. Symptoms can include pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and blood in the stool. Causes Enteritis can be caused by a range of conditions or medications that affect the small intestine. In some cases, enteritis might be caused by eating or drinking something contaminated by bacteria or viruses....

The femur is the thigh bone, the largest and strongest bone in the human body. It supports the weight of the body and helps you move. Reaching from the hip to the knee, the femur is extremely hard and not easy to break. A broken thigh bone is one of the few simple fractures that can be considered life-threatening because it can cause significant internal bleeding. This article discusses the function and structure of the thigh bone, as well as information about conditions that can affect it....

Hammertoe surgery is a procedure to correct a deformity in the second, third, or fourth toe—a bend at the middle joint that makes the toe look like a claw or hammer. The surgery is performed to lessen pain and/or improve flexibility when the muscles in the toe can’t stretch and straighten. Your healthcare provider may suggest hammertoe surgery after more conservative measures have failed, including wearing roomier, more comfortable shoes or trying over-the-counter splints and pads....

Most people with carcinoid tumors may not have symptoms, but a correct diagnosis is essential to delivering timely and effective treatment of carcinoid tumors. Screening typically involves a review of your symptoms, a physical exam, and a combination of lab and imaging tests to identify the characteristics of the disease. Your condition would then be staged (categorized by severity) to direct the appropriate course of treatment. Self-Checks and At-Home Testing There are no in-home tests or self-exams able to diagnose carcinoid tumors....

Since most hiatal hernias do not cause any symptoms, they will usually be discovered during a routine chest X-ray for an unrelated condition. At other times, a hiatal hernia may be suspected in people with severe acid reflux who fail to respond to antacids or other treatments. For such cases, there are a number of tests healthcare providers can use to confirm the diagnosis, including X-rays and endoscopy. Esophageal manometry may also be used, but this is not common....

It’s important that every woman knows how to do a breast self-examination (BSE), as it can help in early detection of breast cancer, such as lumps, nipple changes, and more. Being familiar with what is normal for you will make it easier to recognize any new developments. Furthermore, knowing what’s not normal for anyone can help prompt you to bring such issues to your doctor’s attention, should you notice them during your BSE....

Every year, doctors strongly advise patients to get an influenza (flu) vaccination. This year, amidst worries of a “twindemic” between the two viruses, they are urging Americans to do the same. In fact, getting your shot is especially important this year because of the pandemic, and the possibility of confusion between the flu and COVID-19’s shared symptoms. Key Takeaways This flu season, it’s more crucial than ever to get the flu vaccine, and it’s possible to do it safely....