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Juvenile myositis (JM) affects those under the age of 18. JM is known for causing muscle inflammation and skin rashes. These symptoms are the result of ongoing inflammation and swelling of the blood vessels under the skin and in the muscles. Here is what you need to know about juvenile myositis, including possible causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Types of Juvenile Myositis The most common form of JM is juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM)....

Lymphatic vessels (also known as lymph vessels or lymphatics) are part of the body’s lymphatic system. The lymphatic system also includes lymph (the fluid found within the vessels) and lymphatic organs, such as lymph nodes. Together with the rest of the system, lymphatic vessels help maintain the body’s fluid balance, absorb fats from the digestive tract, and provide immune defense against microorganisms and disease. Impairment in these functions can cause issues like lymphedema and the spread of cancer cells....

Neck surgery is a general term for any surgical procedure used to create more space in the vertebrae of the neck (cervical spine). This reduces compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots. Neck problems can be caused by bulging or herniated discs or spinal stenosis (a condition where the openings in the vertebrae of the neck narrow due to degenerative changes in the spine). These conditions can cause pinching of the spinal cord itself, or of the spinal nerve roots that exit from the spinal cord....

A neonatologist is a physician who specializes in treating critically ill newborns. Neonatologists usually work in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a hospital. Newborn babies can have unique medical challenges, especially when they are born before their bodies are ready to leave the womb. Neonatologists have the specialized training to diagnose and treat serious illnesses in newborns. This article will describe the work a neonatologist performs and the education needed to become one....

Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) is a potentially dangerous form of the cancer that’s resistant to therapy but has not spread to other parts of the body (metastasized). Testosterone promotes the growth of this cancer in this gland (located between the bladder and the penis), and androgen deprivation treatment (ADT) is often used to lower levels of this hormone and thereby shrink the growth. In nmCRPC cases, the cancer has developed a resistance to this kind of treatment and continues to grow....

There are several known causes of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This condition is associated with decreased amounts of dopamine in a small area of the brain called the substantia nigra and in its projections to the basal ganglia (deep nuclei inside the brain). The triggers for these changes are not completely clear, but most likely, they are secondary to an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. There are several theories about what initiates the changes of PD, and inflammation or toxins have been suggested....

A pericholecystic abscess is an abscess that forms in response to an inflammation of the gallbladder called acute cholecystitis. An abscess is a swollen, fluid-filled area within body tissue. Pericholecystic fluid is one of the signs of cholecystitis. This is fluid that builds up around the gallbladder and is usually visible on an ultrasound. According to a report by Radiopaedia, pericholecystic abscess only occurs in approximately 3% to 19% of cases of acute cholecystitis (severe inflammation of the gallbladder)....

Pollution is the contamination of the environment with harmful substances. The most common type of pollution is air pollution, which increases the risk of heart disease, lung disease, and cancer. However, not everyone is affected equally. Some regions and countries experience a higher burden of air pollution, and some conditions predispose individuals to more harmful effects from pollution. This article discusses types of pollution and the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health....

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to treat acute and chronic pain associated with conditions like arthritis. It is also used to reduce fevers and inflammations. They can also prevent blood from clotting. The most common over-the-counter NSAIDs include ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen. These medications are not without side effects, however. Non-aspirin NSAIDs have been associated with an increased risk for heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and death from cardiovascular disease....

Honey isn’t just a sweet addition to your tea. It can treat various ailments, including skin conditions such as eczema. While research is limited, honey may help treat eczema symptoms. However, home remedies for eczema do not replace standard medical care. This article explains what the research says about honey for eczema, the best type of honey to use, and how to apply it. What Does Research Say About Honey for Eczema?...

Thyroid hormone replacement medications like levothyroxine are used to treat hypothyroidism—a condition that occurs because your thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. Taking too much levothyroxine can cause side effects. The signs and symptoms of taking too much thyroid medication can look like hypothyroidism and can include an elevated pulse, fatigue, and diarrhea. If you’re having these symptoms, tell your healthcare provider. They can help you find the dose of levothyroxine that’s safe and effective for you....

Physical therapy is a healthcare profession that involves one-on-one care, personalized attention, and specific interventions to help you move better and feel better. Unlike many healthcare providers, historically, physical therapists have not been able to provide telehealth visits for their patients. But now, the 2020 coronavirus global pandemic is prompting a shift. Physical therapists are seeing significant reductions in their patient load as people are staying at home, avoiding PT clinics and doctor’s offices....

A visual field test is part of a comprehensive eye exam and part of a neurological examination. This non-invasive test examines your fields of vision, and it is important for identifying vision problems that could be signs of eye disease or conditions that affect the brain (like a stroke). If your visual field test is not normal, you may need additional follow-up testing, as well as treatment. A visual field test can help diagnose scotomas, or blind spots....

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, were the first antidepressants developed. They are now the most commonly prescribed antidepressant medications. They are prescribed to treat depression but are also used to treat a broader range of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Having depression is common. Depression affects around 6.7% of the population (16.1 million people) of the United States each year, and that’s just the people with clinical diagnoses....

Dysphonia—also known as “hoarseness”—refers to having difficulty making sounds when attempting to speak. It is most frequently caused by a problem with a person’s vocal cords or larynx. When someone has dysphonia, the pitch or quality of the voice may change, and—in addition—their voice can sound weak, breathy, scratchy, or husky. Types of Dysphonia Nearly one-third of the population experience at least one form of dysphonia at one point in their lifetime....

Sarah Bramblette has long sought a sustainable way to manage her weight. She lives with obesity, lipedema, and lymphedema–conditions that cause swelling and fat buildup. Over the years, she had tried bariatric surgery and various medications, only to see her weight return. key takeaways New drugs for type 2 diabetes are also safe and highly effective at helping people with obesity lose weight.But diabetes drug shortages, driven in part by people seeking the drugs for off-label cosmetic weight loss, leave fewer options for patients with clinical needs....

Zeposia (ozanimod) is an oral medication prescribed for the prevention of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating neurologic disease that occurs when the immune system attacks the protective covering surrounding neurons in the central nervous system. Part of a class of drugs called sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators, Zeposia prevents excess white blood cells from leaving the body’s lymph nodes to reduce the damage they can cause....

Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of appendicitis. The pain usually starts around the belly button before traveling to the lower right side of the abdomen. Associated symptoms include nausea, vomiting, bowel habit changes, loss of appetite, and fever. This article highlights the symptoms of appendicitis, including a general timeline for symptom progression. Insight into conditions that may mimic appendicitis and steps you should take if you suspect appendicitis will also be reviewed....

CBD oil is getting a lot of popular attention as a potential treatment for fibromyalgia. So far, we don’t have a lot of research on it, but we do have some—and it’s promising. Still, a lot of people don’t really understand what CBD oil is or how it works, and it tends to be wrapped up in the controversy over medical marijuana. That can make people hesitant to try it. There’s also a lot of confusion over whether it’s legal—but there are also some positive changes on that subject....

A cheilectomy is the surgical removal of bone spurs from around the big toe joint. This procedure is done to reduce pain that results from hallux rigidus, stiffness of the big toe that can develop due to repetitive foot injuries and arthritis of the big toe joint. Cheilectomy is considered a joint sparing treatment because it preserves motion of the toe joint. Sometimes cheilectomy is done along with another surgery. For instance, advanced hallux rigidus may require treatment with a combination of osteotomy and cheilectomy....